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On Saturday evening at 10pm on Radio 3 the wistful dramatisationDear Mr Eliot: When Groucho Met Tom by Jakko Jakszyk gets another well-deserved airing and if you missed it last year, it is well worth a listen.  It tells the story of the surprising friendship between T.S. Eliot and Groucho Marx using their private correspondence and a single, much anticipated meeting. Lenny Henry’s understated Groucho is particularly good and this subtle work is a timely tribute to Eliot’s 50thanniversary this year.

There is a hidden postscript to the story.  A gem, not mentioned in the radio play, but preserved on an EMI recording of a theatrical event, billed as “A Homage to T.S. Eliot” which took place at the Globe Theatre on June 13 1965, five months after Eliot’s death.  It is on the stage, fittingly enough, that Groucho gave his final and wonderfully vaudevillian tribute to the poet – and it brought the house down.

A plush twelve page programme remains of the event. Poems selected by W.H. Auden were read by iconic actors. Laurence Olivier read Little Gidding and Peter O’Toole, The Love Song of J. Afred Prufrock. Introitus, Stravinsky’s musical memorial to Eliot, opened proceedings; a Henry Moore sculpture graced the stage and Bridget Riley provided stage projections for the event. Sandwiched on the programme betweenThe Waste Land and Sweeney Agonistes is Groucho reading from Old Possum’s Book of Practical Cats. It was not Groucho’s rendition of the poem that stole the show but his impeccably-timed preamble which punctured proceedings with peals of laughter from the audience:

“There’s an old vaudeville story about a man who was about to be hanged and they had brought him out on the scaffold there, and put the rope about his neck and the minister in the prison said ‘Have you any last words before we spring the trap?’ and the thing was kind of shaky, and he looked up and said ‘Yes I don’t think this damned thing is safe’. That’s precisely how I feel coming out here tonight surrounded by all these great actors.”

With self-deprecating wit Groucho went on: “You see I never knew what an anachronism was until I was invited to appear on this show” and on the crest of applause before starting to read Gus: The Theatre Cat he warned with deadpan relish: “After I recite this you will realise what Mr Eliot meant by Murder in the Cathedral.”

In capitals on the front of the programme is the statement “THIS PERFORMANCE IS FOR THE LONDON LIBRARY”. T.S. Eliot joined the Library in 1918, four years before he published The Wasteland.  He became the Library’s President in 1952, four years after he received the Nobel Prize in Literature for Four Quartets. He served as President until his death in 1965 and was at the helm during a particularly precarious financial period for the Library after a change in its tax status left it grappling for survival. For me Groucho’s is the standout performance on the EMI recording: it is easy to see why he was so revered by the 20thcentury’s most influential poet.

Helen O’Neill
Archive, Heritage & Development Librarian
The programme included several photographs of T.S. Eliot including one as a dashing young poet taken with fellow London Library member Virginia Woolf.

The programme included several photographs of T.S. Eliot including one as a dashing young poet taken with fellow London Library member Virginia Woolf.

With music by Stravinsky, sculpture by Henry Moore, and poems selected by W.H. Auden and read by Laurence Olivier and Peter O’Toole, the Homage to T.S. Eliot which took place on June 13, 1965 was an impressive affair. Note at the bottom of the programme that the performance was “for the London Library”.

With music by Stravinsky, sculpture by Henry Moore, and poems selected by W.H. Auden and read by Laurence Olivier and Peter O’Toole, the Homage to T.S. Eliot which took place on June 13, 1965 was an impressive affair. Note at the bottom of the programme that the performance was “for the London Library”.

Opening the second part of the performance was Groucho Marx reading from Old Possum’s Book of Practical Cats.

Opening the second part of the performance was Groucho Marx reading from Old Possum’s Book of Practical Cats.

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In amongst the riches of the Italian material held at The London Library, the collection of Per Nozze (literally “for a wedding”) deserves a special mention. Outside Italy this collection of epithalamia – writings published on the occasion of marriage – is a unique resource with a significance comparing only to those collections of Nozze or Per Nozzeheld at the Central National Library of Florence and the State Library of Berlin.

The origins of nuptialia – literary compositions in verse or prose written and printed to celebrate a wedding – might be traced back to classical times. As poetic compositions, nuptialia were popular in Latin literature, continuing the Italic tradition of rustic verses and poems, like thefescennini, the contents of which could be bawdy or openly licentious. The tradition of Per Nozze, publications presented as gifts and mementos to the spouses – for reasons which have yet to be properly investigated – would appear to have been an almost exclusively Italian custom. Usually printed in limited editions and for private circulation, these volumes or pamphlets of congratulatory verses, were often made without any expense being spared in their delightfully decorated appearance. Whilst some have been preserved in libraries on account of their importance or fine bindings, a great number were printed on poor quality paper, even on loose sheets, and by amateur printers. These works, due to their ephemeral and transitory nature, are now very scarce or no longer extant.

Eminent writers and scholars composed writings Per Nozze, amongst them: Carlo Goldoni, Giuseppe Parini, Giacomo Leopardi and Giosuè Carducci.

Written or compiled to mark the occasion of a wedding, epithalamia are not simply celebratory poems about married love. Compositions Per Nozze, often in prose, cover a remarkable and highly miscellaneous variety of subjects – from history and philosophy, to art, architecture and even scientific fields. These can represent serious contributions to their respective discipline, of lasting merit. Additionally, writings Per Nozze and their contents, can provide invaluable material in the analysis of cultural and social history and life of Italian society, with particular relevance to local events.

The eighteenth-century witnessed a plethoric production of Per Nozze, especially driven by the literary output of the numerous learned academies at the time popular throughout the Italian peninsula. Members of the Accademia degli Arcadi, founded in Rome in 1690, for example, were particularly prolific, as were the so-called frugonianipoets. Writings Per Nozze were printed by the thousand during the nineteenth-century. This sizeable production – which had already generated the veiled irony of Parini in his well-known Ode per nozze – prompted severe criticism. Venetian polymath Francesco Algarotti complained of an “incredible dysentery of sonnets”. French novelist Stendhal, having observed that Italy had faltered in its march towards progress, sarcastically posed the question: “l’Italie se remettra-t-elle à faire des sonnets imprimés sur du satin rose pour les jours de noces?” Several writers, nevertheless, encouraged this tradition. In 1899, man of letters, Luigi Settembrini wrote: “… the custom persists to the present day in every Italian city, this is laudable, and we hope it will last forever”.

The so-called Nozze collection at The London Library – the only UK-based institution to hold this material in such quantity – amounts to over 2,500 pamphlets, bound together in 144 volumes and boxes numbered in sequence and divided into “Poetry”, “Prose” and “Miscellanea”, according to their content. This discrete collection was put together patiently by former Librarian Charles Hagberg Wright and some of the works held would appear to be lacking in Italian libraries. The earliest work held is the fascinating Feste delle nozze del Serenissimo Don Francesco Medici Gran Duca di Toscana et della Sereniss. Sua consorte la Sig. Bianca Cappello, by Raffaello Gualteretto printed at Florence, and dated 1579. Several items feature fine engravings and printers’ devices, and, in some cases, the original highly decorative publisher’s bindings or paper wrappers have been preserved. Some are decorated with elaborate woodcuts or stencil-printed armorial design or embossed patterns. Conspicuously, in a few cases, the text is printed on charming pale blue leaves of paper. Within the collection, a number of publications were not intended to celebrate marriage but rather different occasions, such as all kinds of anniversaries, the taking of vows and promotion to high office. These, more correctly, are often referred to as ingressi, gratulatorie, or monacazioni, also known asNozze in Cristo.

The Library’s holdings would seem to originate mainly from the northern regions of Italy, Venice and the Veneto area in particular. However there are a number of eighteenth-century Per Nozzepublications from Lucca as well as a rare compilation from southern Italy, which includes a composition by the Neapolitan philosopher Giambattista Vico, written to celebrate the wedding, in Naples, of Charles II and Maria Amalia of Saxony in 1738.
Amongst the many gems, there are several rare Nozze of historical interest and others relating to Italian travellers to Elizabethan England, England in the Cromwellian years and those of William and Mary of Orange. To this category belongs the diary of Anton Maria Ragona, a merchant from Vicenza, who travelled to England in the company of Filippo Pigafetta, the renowned traveller, in 1582. In his diary, Ragona recalls his meeting with Sir Francis Walsingham, Secretary of State “who like all great men in England speaks Italian excellently”. Whilst Queen Elizabeth is described as “thin, with a long face, and not unpleasing in appearance”. Additionally, Ragona noticed that “Italians were well received in this court, especially if they had changed their religion”.

Another outstanding example is the rare Giornale del viaggio nella Svizzera, an elegant edition dated 1834, of which only twelve copies were made. The Giornale represents a primary example of the cultural and scientific cosmopolitanism which inspired the European Enlightenment. A noteworthy association of the journal – indeed its claim to fame – lies in its recording a meeting, on 16th September 1777, in the Swiss town of Ferney, between the author, Venetian senator Angelo Querini, and the French philosopher Voltaire, by this time of advanced years.

Furthermore, the Library possesses a set of rare Nozze relating exclusively to the Medici Family of Florence. These include reproductions of documents and letters drafted or composed by Gian Giorgio Trissino, papal legate to Venice and Vienna during the first half of the sixteenth century, and author of the once famous tragedy ofSofonisba. Other pieces of some rarity feature poetic writings of Fogazzaro, Zanella, and Cabianca.

From the early decades of the twentieth century the tradition of writingsPer Nozze started to decline. In a pamphlet published in 1928 the scholar Augusto Campana wrote “today the custom of Per Nozzepublications appears to have passed, almost not approved of. Per Nozze were the charm of a bygone era”. The golden age of publicationsPer Nozze, has undoubtedly waned away. In a 1915 article, however,The Times describes the London Library’s Nozze holdings through the words of Dante, Messo t’ho innanzi: omai per te ti ciba. The marvelous London Library Collection bears testimony to the popularity and significance of a literary genre which deserves indeed to be better known.

Per le felici Nozze del nobile Signore Francesco Cortelazis colla Signora Contessa Marina Arnaldi Padova, 1857    [London Library Nozze 114].

Per le felici Nozze del nobile Signore Francesco Cortelazis colla Signora Contessa Marina Arnaldi
Padova, 1857 [London Library Nozze 114].

I riti nuziali de' Greci per le faustissime Nozze dell' illustrissimo Sionor Marchese Vincenzio Riccardi con l'illustrissima Signora Ortenzia dei Vernaccia. [by Francesco Fontani followed by poems by various authors.] Firenze 1789 [London Library Nozze 104]

I riti nuziali de’ Greci per le faustissime Nozze dell’ illustrissimo Sionor Marchese Vincenzio Riccardi con l’illustrissima Signora Ortenzia dei Vernaccia. [by Francesco Fontani followed by poems by various authors.] Firenze 1789 [London Library Nozze 104]

Nelle faustissime Nozze de' nobili signori Alessandro Ottolini Conti e Luisa Santini patrizj lucchesi Rime. Lucca 1784.  [London Library Nozze 72]

Nelle faustissime Nozze de’ nobili signori Alessandro Ottolini Conti e Luisa Santini patrizj lucchesi Rime. Lucca 1784. [London Library Nozze 72]

Poesie per le felicissime Nozze del nobile Signor Conte Marcantonio Trissino di Vicenza con la nobile Signora Contessa Cecilia Emilii di Verona  In Vicenza 1764  [London Library Nozze 60].

Poesie per le felicissime Nozze del nobile Signor Conte Marcantonio Trissino di Vicenza con la nobile Signora Contessa Cecilia Emilii di Verona
In Vicenza 1764 [London Library Nozze 60].

A charming white cover with a relief motifs of coloured flowers.

A charming white cover with a relief motifs of coloured flow

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As the UK-Russian Year of Culture 2014 is over, our Russian Specialist Claudia Ricci provides a brief round-up of recent acquisitions that have been added to our Russian shelves.

Last year’s acquisitions started with some publications linked to anniversaries that had taken place during the previous year.

One such event was the discovery of Severnaya Zemlya (Northern Land) in the Arctic Sea in 1913, which is narrated by the explorer and head of the North Arctic Ocean Hydrographic Expedition (1910-1915), Nikolay Evgenov (1888-1964). The author was a victim of Stalin’s purges between 1938 and 1943 and his work was completed and edited by a younger colleague, V.N. Kupetsky, who only managed to publish some chapters in a Soviet scientific journal in the 1980s. Now it has been published unabridged for the first time in book form:

- Poli͡arnai͡a ėkspedit͡sii͡a na ledokolakh “Taĭmyr” i “Vaĭgach” v 1910-1915 godakh (Geograf, 2013) [The Polar expeditions on board the ice-breakers Taimyr and Vaigach in 1910-1915] Shelved in: T. Arctic & Antarctic, under Evgenov.

Another important event that took place in 2013 was the discovery of a manuscript from 1921, the almanack “Serapionovy brat’ia”, a collaborative work by the members of a literary group, who met at the Petrograd House of Arts and had taken their name from E.T.A. Hoffman’s German movement. The anthology was due to be published in 1921, but was lost during the Civil War, then only found in Finland in recent years and published for the first time in 2013. It includes contributions by Maxim Gorky, Lev Lunts, Mikhail Zoshchenko and Viktor Shklovsky :

- Serapionovy bratʹi͡a 1921 : alʹmanakh (Limbus Press, 2013) [The Serapion Brothers, 1921: almanack] Shelved in L. Russian Lit. under its title.

One major event in 2013 was the 400th anniversary of the ascent to the throne of the Romanov dynasty. In 1613 Mikhail Romanov was offered the Russian crown following years of unrest and fighting known as the Time of Troubles, and the House of Romanov ruled over the country until the abdication of Nicholas II in February 1917. Various publications appeared on this occasion including two exhibition catalogues:

- Romanovy – portret dinastii : t͡sarskiĭ i velikokni͡azheskiĭ portret v sobranii Istoricheskogo muzei͡a / [The Romanovs – portrait of a dynasty : portraits of tsars and Grand Dukes from the collections of the State Historical Museum]. Shelved in A. Portraits, 4to. under Gosudarstvennyi istoricheskii muzei

- Romanovy – nachalo dinastii : k 400-letii͡u izbranii͡a na t͡sarstvo Mikhaila Fedorovicha Romanova = [The Romanovs - the beginning of the dynasty : on the occasion of the 400th anniversary of the ascent to the throne of Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov] Shelved in H. Russia, 4to. under title.

A topic that has attracted renewed attention in recent times, inspiring works both in English and Italian, is the controversial award of the Nobel Prize to the novelist Boris Pasternak in 1958, now reinterpreted in the light of new archival discoveries:

- Fleishman, Lazar. Boris Pasternak i Nobelevskai͡a premii͡a (Azbukovnik, 2013) [Boris Pasternak and the Nobel prize]

- Mancosu, Paolo. Inside the Zhivago storm : the editorial adventures of Pasternak’s masterpiece (Feltrinelli, 2013 – the original publisher of the 1st Russian edition of Doctor Zhivago).

- Finn, Peter and Couvée, Petra. The Zhivago affair : the Kremlin, the CIA, and the battle over a forbidden book (Harvill Secker, 2014)

- B.L. Pasternak : pro et contra : B.L. Pasternak v sovetskoĭ, ėmigrantskoĭ, rossiĭskoĭ literaturnoĭ kritike : antologii͡a / sostavlenie, kommentarii: El.V. Pasternak et al. (RKhGA, 2012-13) [B.L. Pasternak- pros and cons : Pasternak in Soviet, émigré and Russian literary criticism : an anthology]

All the above are to be found in L. Russian Lit., Pasternak.

However, the event that has had the greatest impact on Russian publishing in 2014 is, without any doubt, the anniversary of the First World War. In Russia WWI has never been perceived on the same level of importance as the other two great Patriotic wars (the Napoleonic invasion of 1812 and WWII respectively), and one gets the impression that it was often neglected as a topic of research in Soviet times. Several publications have been acquired for our History, Reading Room and Art collections with the aim to fill existing gaps and enrich our WWI section with a Russian perspective. Among them:

- Rossii͡a v Pervoĭ mirovoĭ voĭne, 1914-1918 : ėnt͡siklopedii͡a v trekh tomakh / red. A.K. Sorokin et al. (Rosspen, 2014) [Russia during WWI, 1914-1918: encyclopaedia] in R.R. Dicts., History

- Pervai͡a mirovai͡a voĭna, 1914-1918. Catalogue of an art exhibition held in Saint Petersburg in 2014. (Palace editions, 2014) [First World War, 1914-1918] shelved in A. Art, 4to.

- Rossiĭskai͡a monarkhicheskai͡a gosudarstvennostʹ na poslednem ėtape svoeĭ istorii, 1894-1917 : sbornik dokumentov (IRI RAN, 2014) [ The Russian monarchical state in the last stage of its history : collection of documents] shelved in H. Russia.

- Aǐrapetov, O. Uchastie Rossiĭskoi imperii v Pervoĭ mirovoĭ voĭne (Kuchkogo pole, 2014) [The participation of the Russian empire in the First World War] shelved in H. European War I.Stepanov, Evgeniĭ. Poėt na voĭne : Nikolaĭ Gumilev, 1914-1918 (Progress-Pleiada, 2014) [A poet at war : Nikolay Gumilev, 1914-1918] A detailed chronicle of Gumilev’s life as a soldier in 1914-1918, including his missions to London and Paris. N. Gumilev is better known for his acmeist poetry, his relationship with Anna Akhmatova and his execution by the Cheka in 1921. Shelved in Biog. Gumilev.Li͡etopisʹ Velikoĭ voĭny in 6 v. [Chronicle of the Great War] Complete reprint of the homonymous Russian periodical (1914-1917), which aimed for a comprehensive coverage of articles from the national press and official documents about the Great War published at the time. Shelved in H. European War I, 4to.

Finally, a couple of items that honour the memory of other victims of Russian and Soviet events:

- Kniga russkoĭ skorbi : pami͡atnik russkim patriotam, pogibshim v borʹbe s vnutrennim vragom / sost. V.M. Erchak (Institut russkoi tsivilizatsii, 2013) [Book of Russian sorrow : memory to Russian patriots, who died in the fight against internal enemies]. Shelved in Biographical Colls., this is a very comprehensive list of names of victims of domestic terror and terrorism in tsarist Russia up until 1914, previously published in 14 vols. between 1908 and 1914, but banned after 1917.

- Chistiakov, Ivan. Sibirskoĭ dalʹneĭ storonoĭ : dnevnik okhrannika BAMa : 1935-1936 (AST, Corpus, 2014) [ From the Siberian far side : dairy of a prison guard at the Baikal-Amur Lager, 1935-1936] Shelved in Biog. Chistiakov, it is a unique historical testimony, being the diary of a GULAG guard, who was sent to the prison camp where the BAM railway line was being built in the 1930s.

The Library also aims to acquire works about current events affecting Russia and other states of the former Soviet Union, although possibly more in English than in Russian. On our shelves you will find recent publications about the “Pussy riot” phenomenon, the Khodorkovsky case, the Ukrainian crisis and annexation of Crimea, and biographies of politicians, intellectuals and other distinguished contemporary Russians. Look out for them in our New Books shelves and don’t hesitate to ask at the Enquiry desk or contact the Russian Specialist (claudia.ricci@londonlibrary.co.uk).

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The London Library’s new catalogue search tool, Catalyst is now live.  This is an exciting development for the Library, allowing members to search our print and online resources simultaneously.

What does Catalyst contain?

Books and Journals – All of the Library’s books and journals acquired since 1950 are now on Catalyst, as well as a substantial and growing number of titles from our earlier catalogues.

eJournals – All the eJournals the Library subscribes to can be found by title in Catalyst and the content of 95% of our subscription eJournals can also be retrieved by Catalyst.

Databases – All of our subscription online databases can be found by title in Catalyst and the content of a number of databases including the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Who’s Who, and the Oxford Dictionary of Art can also be retrieved by Catalyst.  We expect to be able to add the content of more databases in the future. Catalyst has a mobile friendly view which allows you to search on your mobile device. The site is responsive and adapts automatically to the mobile view when the screen size reduces to under 500 pixels.

How to use Catalyst – Members wishing to use Catalyst should select the Sign in option from the top right hand corner on any Catalyst screen and you will be taken to a login screen.  You will need your membership number or the barcode from your London Library membership card and your PIN.  If you have forgotten your PIN please contact the Membership Office and they will be pleased to help.

For members who would like to know more, The London Library will be holding demonstration sessions at the Library for members.

Tuesday 27th January 10.15am – 11am or 11.15am – 12pm
Wednesday 28th January 2.15pm – 3pm or 3.15pm – 4pm
Thursday 29th January 2.15pm – 3pm or 3.15pm – 4pm
Friday 30th January 10.15am – 11am or 11.15am – 12pm 

Numbers at each session will be limited, to reserve a place please contact Amanda Stebbings.

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